I. Key Lighting Design Calculations (Practical Formulas) 1. Lumen Method Formula (Determining Fixture Quantity) \[ N = \frac{E \times A}{\varphi \times U \times M} \] N: Number of fixtures E: Target illuminance (lux) A: Area (m²) ϕ: Luminous flux per fixture (lumens, e.g., 24,000 lm for a 200W LED) U: Utilization factor...
Industry Standards and Regulations (Mandatory Compliance) OSHA Standards (USA) General industrial warehouse minimum illuminance: 20 lumens/sq.ft (200 Lux) (for aisles and non-precision work areas). Precision operation areas: Recommended ≥ 50 lumens/sq.ft (500 Lux). IESNA (Illuminating Engineering Society of North America) Standards Storage areas: 100 - 300 Lux (10 - 30 lumens/sq.ft). Sorting/packaging...